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Phlebodium aureum
''Phlebodium aureum'' (golden polypody, golden serpent fern, cabbage palm fern, gold-foot fern, hare-foot fern;〔(''Phlebodium aureum''. ) Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).〕 syn. ''Polypodium aureum'', ''Polypodium leucatomos'') is an epiphytic fern native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas. It is confined to the eastern side of the continents, extending north into the United States to Florida and the extreme southeast of Georgia, and south through the Caribbean (the Bahamas, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles), and northern and eastern South America to Paraguay. It is the only species of ''Phlebodium'' found in North America, the other species all confined to South America. Other common names include ''calaguala'' (Spanish language), ''laua`e haole'' (Hawaiian),〔Starr, F. and K. Starr. (''Phlebodium aureum''. ) Plants of Hawaii. Starr Environmental.〕 ''samambaia'', and ''hartassbräken'' (Swedish).〔
It is a rhizomatous fern, with the creeping rhizome 8–15 mm (rarely 30 mm) in diameter, densely covered in the golden-brown scales that give the species its name. The fronds are large and pinnatifid (deeply lobed), from 30–130 cm long and 10–50 cm broad, with up to 35 pinnae; they vary in color from bright green to glaucous green and have undulate margins. Several round sori run along each side of the pinna midrib, and the minute spores are wind-dispersed. The fronds are evergreen in areas with year-round rainfall, semi-evergreen or briefly deciduous in areas with a marked dry season. The sorus is a cluster of sporangia for the next generation of P. aureum, which is one of the defining features of identification of the Phlebodium genus.
==Habitat==
This fern is rarely terrestrial in habitat, usually colonizing the canopies of tropical rainforests and the dwarf palms of subtropical forests. It is common in the cloud forests of the Caribbean and northern South America. It grows in varied habitats in Florida, including swamps and hammocks, and can thus apparently tolerate a wide range of microclimates. Its restriction to the tropics and subtropics is readily explained by its intolerance of anything other than very brief, light frosts. High levels of light are also critical for growth of this species, and its deciduous habit allows it to invade relatively dry areas.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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